Speech Impairment

Types:

                (A) Articulations Disorder:                 Cannot or does not understand how to make speech sounds

                                                                         Characterized by omissions, substitutions, distortions and additions of

                                                                         speech sounds

                (B) Voice Disorders:                         Voice too high, too low, too loud, too soft, too nasal

                (C) Dysfluency:                                 Fluency is the smoothness of sounds, syllables, words, and phrases flow

                                                                         together. Eg. Stuttering

                (D) Cluttering:                                   Involves excessive speed combined with disorganized sentence structure

                                                                        and articulation problems

                (E) Dysarthria:                                  Partial or complete paralysis of muscles associated with speech

                (F) Orofacial Defects:                        eg. Cleft mandible, double mouth, cleft tongue, cleft uvula, underdeveloped

                                                                        tongue, cleft lip, cleft palate

                (G) Apraxia:                                     The inability to program position, and sequence the muscle movements

                                                                        involved in speech.

    Indicators:

                - Struggle to get information out orally

                - be easily frustrated when speaking

                - provide "round about" descriptions and answers

                - appear to have trouble with word retrieval

(1) Reduce time pressure

(2) Opportunity for verbal rehearsal

(3) Provide oral frameworks

(4) Offer prompts that help sequence

(5) Visual Cues

(6) Additional time for assessment

(7) Reduced content expectations

(8) Reduces reliance on verbal expression